These changes appear strikingly grotesque when viewed right side-up, but hardly noticeable when the whole face is inverted.
Monkeys also can spot the "long noses" in their pals.ĭahl and colleagues revealed the monkeys' ability by using the so-called Thatcherized face, in which different parts are tweaked (for example, the eyes and mouth are rotated 180 degrees. We learn to recognize the small differences which contribute to an individual appearance," said study researcher Christoph Dahl in a statement. "From an early age on we are accustomed to the faces of other humans: a long nose, the swing of the lips or the bushy eyebrows. Monkeys can pick a face out of a crowd just as humans can, a study by scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, Germany, found. Moreover, this illusion disappears if faces of another species are manipulated in the same way (see monkey faces). One picture is normal, while the seems grotesque by an upright presentation, but not if the faces are rotated 180°. In the Diagram two faces of an individual are presented.
Local changes in facial features are hardly noticeable when the whole face is inverted (rotated 180°), but strikingly grotesque when the face is upright. (Photo shows orangutan Naru being tickled in Borneo in 2005.) Recognize Faces Taken together, the results suggest a common evolutionary origin for tickling-induced laughter in both humans and other great apes, Marina Davila Ross of the University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom and colleagues write in the journal Current Biology. They also looked at how the vocalizations fit onto the evolutionary family tree of these primates, finding the best fit matched up with how closely related the species are to one another (based on genetics). In a 2009 study, researchers analyzed and recorded sounds of tickle-induced guffaws from young orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas and bonobos, comparing these with human infants.
Other laughter differences: Humans hoot and holler on exhale, and while chimps can do that, they also laugh with an alternating flow of air, both in and out, researchers say. "It is low-pitched compared to human laughter, but the facial expression and the waxing and waning of the laughing sounds are eerily human to the point that those of us familiar with these vocalizations cannot stop ourselves from laughing, too." "Perhaps the most humanlike behavior is the laughing by apes when they are being tickled," de Waal told LiveScience. (Image credit: Miriam Wessels, University of Veterinary Medicine) Laughter erupts as the orangutan Naru is tickled in Borneo in 2005. While the researchers aren't sure whether the bonobos really mean "no" in their head shakes, the results do hint the behavior may be an early precursor to negative head-shaking gestures in humans, according to study researcher Christel Schneider of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. The final attempt ended with the mama pulling her infant by the leg and shaking her head while looking at the baby. The infant made continual efforts to scale the tree, with Mom bringing her back each time. In one instance, a mother retrieved her baby bonobo from an attempt to climb a nearby tree. (Image credit: Vanessa Woods, Duke University.)īonobos at the Leipzig Zoo were filmed shaking their heads "no" in disapproval in order to get infants to stop playing with their food (instead of eating it) or to keep an infant from straying. Here, a bonobo named Mimi, the alpha female, has a little down time. Primatologists Brain Hare studies bonobos.
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